Fuel filler: A nozzle from a fuel dispenser attaches to the receptacle on the vehicle to fill the tank. Fuel injection system: This system introduces fuel into the engine's combustion chambers for ignition. Fuel line: A metal tube or flexible hose or a combination of these transfers fuel from the tank to the engine's fuel injection system.
Fuel tank compressed natural gas : Stores compressed natural gas on board the vehicle until it's needed by the engine.
Fuel injection system: This system introduces fuel into the engine's combustion chambers for ignition. Fuel line: A metal tube or flexible hose or a combination of these transfers fuel from the tank to the engine's fuel injection system.
Fuel tank liquefied natural gas : Stores liquefied natural gas on board the vehicle until it's needed by the engine. Advances in diesel emission control systems, new combustion concepts for natural gas engines such as HPDI, and a better understanding of ultrafine particulate emissions of unfiltered SI engines challenge the established narrative that natural gas engines produce fewer pollutant emissions than diesel. Technology improvements in emission control systems, such as better thermal management of the aftertreatment or the addition of particle filters to SI engines, have the potential to further reduce the pollutant emissions of both diesel and LNG engines.
When it comes to the air quality impact of diesel and LNG trucks, there is no clear advantage of one over the other. This is nothing but wishful thinking. Biogas will only deliver GHG benefits if it is produced from low-carbon feedstocks, such as wastes and sustainable residues.
The problem is that there is just not enough cow manure, garbage, and agricultural waste to meet demand. While power-to-gas does not have the same feedstock limitations, it does face other economic constraints. Overall, the technology to use LNG as a transport fuel is well developed, but is expected to remain a niche market. Although natural gas is a fossil fuel, it is the cleanest burning fuel available today.
The increasing world wide demand for cleaner energy leads to an increasing trade in liquefied natural gas. Liquefied natural gas occupies a much smaller volume than compressed natural gas which makes it much more cost-efficient to transport over long distances to places without a local source for natural gas, and where pipelines do not lead to.
Where moving natural gas by pipelines is not possible or economical, LNG can be transported by ships or by trucks equipped with special cryogenic containers. At its destination the LNG is re-gasified and distributed as pipeline natural gas, but using LNG in heavy duty trucks can be a viable option as well.
Special LNG trailers can deliver the liquid fuel from the storage tanks to liquefied natural gas fueling stations. At the site of the fueling station the LNG has to be stored in very well insulated tanks. The insulation only, however, will not keep the temperature of LNG low enough. LNG is stored as a so-called "boiling cryogen", a very cold liquid at its boiling point which stays at the low temperature by evaporative cooling.
McMullen et al, As long as the LNG vapor is allowed to leave the storage tank, the temperature will remain constant. At the refueling site this boil off natural gas vapor can be compressed to CNG Compressed Natural Gas and be sold to passenger cars. The use of liquefied natural gas in vehicles is a tradeoff between the duty cycle i. In general the annual mileage of passenger cars is too low to compensate for the boil off losses.
However, the direct use of LNG can be an attractive alternative for heavy duty vehicles, which travel high miles in one go. Liquefied natural gas is essentially a fuel for the niche market McPherson, Liquefying and shipping natural gas is expensive, making the liquefied natural gas route only attractive for areas where there is a shortage of indigenous gas supplies and where competition from pipeline gas is limited.
In addition, the use of liquefied natural gas requires large investments in terminal and fueling infrastructure.
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