Nevertheless, how people respond to an environment that promotes physical inactivity and intake of high-calorie foods suggests that genes do play a role in developing obesity. Genes give the body instructions for responding to changes in its environment. Variants in several genes may contribute to obesity by increasing hunger and food intake. Rarely, a clear pattern of inherited obesity within a family is caused by a specific variant of a single gene monogenic obesity.
Most obesity, however, probably results from complex interactions among multiple genes and environmental factors that remain poorly understood multifactorial obesity. Health care practitioners routinely collect family health history to help identify people at high risk of obesity-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some forms of cancer.
Family health history reflects the effects of shared genetics and environment among close relatives. Families cannot change their genes, but they can encourage healthy eating habits and physical activity. Those changes can improve the health of family members—and improve the health history of the next generation. Learn more about obesity and genomics.
Some illnesses may lead to obesity or weight gain. Drugs such as steroids and some antidepressants may also cause weight gain. Research continues on the role of other factors in energy balance and weight gain such as chemical exposures and the role of the microbiome.
People who have obesity, compared to those with a healthy weight, are at increased risk for many serious diseases and health conditions, including the following: 5,6,7. Obesity and its associated health problems have a significant economic impact on the US health care system, 11 including direct and indirect costs.
Indirect costs relate to sickness and death and include lost productivity. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link.
CDC is not responsible for Section compliance accessibility on other federal or private website. Cancel Continue. About 8 out of 10 people with type 2 diabetes are overweight or have obesity. If you are at risk for type 2 diabetes, losing 5 to 7 percent of your body weight and getting regular physical activity may prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is a condition in which blood flows through your blood vessels with a force greater than normal. High blood pressure can strain your heart, damage blood vessels, and raise your risk of heart attack , stroke , kidney disease, and death. Heart disease is a term used to describe several problems that may affect your heart. If you have heart disease, you may have a heart attack, heart failure , sudden cardiac death, angina , or an abnormal heart rhythm.
High blood pressure, abnormal levels of blood fats, and high blood glucose levels may raise your risk for heart disease. Losing 5 to 10 percent of your weight may lower your risk factors for developing heart disease. If you weigh pounds, this means losing as little as 10 pounds. Weight loss may improve blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood flow.
Stroke is a condition in which the blood supply to your brain is suddenly cut off, caused by a blockage or the bursting of a blood vessel in your brain or neck. A stroke can damage brain tissue and make you unable to speak or move parts of your body. Breathing problems related to weight can make it harder to keep up with friends, play sports, or just walk from class to class. Sleep apnea. This condition where a person temporarily stops breathing during sleep is a serious problem for many overweight kids and adults.
Sleep apnea can leave people feeling tired and affect their ability to concentrate and learn. It also may lead to heart problems. High blood pressure. When blood pressure is high, the heart has to work harder.
If the problem continues for a long time, high blood pressure can damage the heart and arteries. High cholesterol. Abnormal blood lipid levels, including high cholesterol, low HDL "good" cholesterol, and high triglyceride levels, increase the chances of having a heart attack or stroke when a person gets older. A buildup of bile that hardens in the gallbladder forms gallstones. These can be painful and require surgery. Fatty liver. If fat builds up in the liver, it can cause inflammation , scarring, and permanent liver damage.
Joint and muscle pain. Wear and tear on the joints from carrying extra weight may lead to arthritis in adulthood. Slipped capital femoral epiphyses SCFE. SCFE is a painful hip problem that requires immediate attention and surgery to prevent further damage to the joint. Pseudotumor cerebri.
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