The antibiotics are our main strategy to fight bacterial infections. But sometimes, when we apply an antibiotic to a population of bacteria, not all of them are eliminated. Even in cases where all microbes are genetically identical, have not developed resistance to the antibiotic and are in equal conditions, some survive and others do not.
Scientists at Pompeu Fabra University and the University of California — San Diego UCSD have discovered that this situation is caused by magnesium, which promotes the survival of some bacteria against a type of antibiotic. In this work, published in the journal Cell , the influence of ion flow on such survival is shown for the first time.
Researchers have studied antibiotics that fight against bacteria by blocking their protein manufacture. Ehrlich, N. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Doctors St. E-mail Form. Possible Interactions with: Magnesium Magnesium If you are currently being treated with any of the following medications, you should not use magnesium without first talking to your health care provider. All Video Images Tog. The Basics. Advanced Study. Related Information. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.
According to numerous preliminary reports, niacinamide, given in combination with tetracycline or minocycline , may be effective against bullous pemphigoid, a benign, autoimmune blistering disease of the skin. Preliminary evidence also suggests a similar beneficial interaction may exist between tetracycline and niacinamide in the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis. Neomycin can decrease absorption or increase elimination of many nutrients, including calcium , carbohydrates, beta-carotene , fats, folic acid , iron , magnesium , potassium , sodium, and vitamin A , vitamin B12 , vitamin D , and vitamin K.
Surgery preparation with oral neomycin is unlikely to lead to deficiencies. It makes sense for people taking neomycin for more than a few days to also take a multivitamin-mineral supplement. Several cases of excessive bleeding have been reported in people who take antibiotics.
One study showed that people who had taken broad-spectrum antibiotics had lower liver concentrations of vitamin K2 menaquinone , though vitamin K1 phylloquinone levels remained normal. Several antibiotics appear to exert a strong effect on vitamin K activity, while others may not have any effect.
Therefore, one should refer to a specific antibiotic for information on whether it interacts with vitamin K. Doctors of natural medicine sometimes recommend vitamin K supplementation to people taking antibiotics. Additional research is needed to determine whether the amount of vitamin K1 found in some multivitamins is sufficient to prevent antibiotic-induced bleeding. Moreover, most multivitamins do not contain vitamin K.
A common side effect of antibiotics is diarrhea , which may be caused by the elimination of beneficial bacteria normally found in the colon. A nonpathogenic yeast known as Saccharomyces boulardii has been shown in two double-blind studies to decrease frequency of diarrhea in people taking amoxicillin as well as other penicillin-type drugs compared to placebo. There were overall few people in these studies using amoxicillin specifically, so there is no definitive proof that Saccharomyces boulardii will be beneficial for everyone when it is combined with amoxicillin.
The studies used 1 gram of Saccharomyces boulardii per day. A separate double-blind study found that taking a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, two normal gut bacteria, with amoxicillin did not protect children from developing diarrhea. The authors of the study point out some problems such as the parents' inability to consistently define diarrhea. However, at this time, it is unknown if lactobacillus products will reduce diarrhea due to amoxicillin.
Controlled studies have shown that taking other probiotic microorganisms—such as Lactobacillus casei , Bifidobacterium longum , or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG —also helps prevent antibiotic-induced diarrhea. The diarrhea experienced by some people who take antibiotics also might be due to an overgrowth of the bacterium Clostridium difficile , which causes a disease known as pseudomembranous colitis.
Controlled studies have shown that supplementation with harmless yeast—such as Saccharomyces boulardii or Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's or brewer's yeast —helps prevent recurrence of this infection. Treatment with antibiotics also commonly leads to an overgrowth of yeast Candida albicans in the vagina candida vaginitis and the intestines sometimes referred to as "dysbiosis".
There were overall few people in these studies using amoxicillin specifically, so there is no definitive proof that Saccharomyces boulardii will be beneficial for everyone when it is combined with amoxicillin. The studies used 1 gram of Saccharomyces boulardii per day.
A separate double-blind study found that taking a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, two normal gut bacteria, with amoxicillin did not protect children from developing diarrhea. The authors of the study point out some problems such as the parents' inability to consistently define diarrhea. However, at this time, it is unknown if lactobacillus products will reduce diarrhea due to amoxicillin.
Controlled studies have shown that taking other probiotic microorganisms—such as Lactobacillus casei , Bifidobacterium longum , or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG —also helps prevent antibiotic-induced diarrhea. The diarrhea experienced by some people who take antibiotics also might be due to an overgrowth of the bacterium Clostridium difficile , which causes a disease known as pseudomembranous colitis. Controlled studies have shown that supplementation with harmless yeast—such as Saccharomyces boulardii or Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's or brewer's yeast —helps prevent recurrence of this infection.
Treatment with antibiotics also commonly leads to an overgrowth of yeast Candida albicans in the vagina candida vaginitis and the intestines sometimes referred to as "dysbiosis".
Controlled studies have shown that Lactobacillus acidophilus might prevent candida vaginitis. Tooth discoloration is a side effect of minocycline observed primarily in young children, but it may occur in adults as well.
Vitamin C supplementation may prevent staining in adults taking minocycline. Controlled studies have shown that taking other probiotic microorganisms—such as Lactobacillus casei or Bifidobacterium longum —also helps prevent antibiotic-induced diarrhea. In one study, taking mg of Saccharomyces boulardii twice daily enhanced the effectiveness of the antibiotic vancomycin in preventing recurrent clostridium infection.
Therefore, people taking antibiotics who later develop diarrhea might benefit from supplementing with saccharomyces organisms. When taken with amoxicillin, bromelain was shown to increase absorption of amoxicillin in humans. When 80 mg of bromelain was taken together with amoxicillin and tetracycline , blood levels of both drugs increased, though how bromelain acts on drug metabolism remains unknown.
An older report found bromelain also increased the actions of other antibiotics, including penicillin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin , in treating a variety of infections. In that trial, 22 out of 23 people who had previously not responded to these antibiotics did so after adding bromelain taken four times per day.
Doctors will sometimes prescribe enough bromelain to equal 2, gelatin dissolving units listed as GDU on labels per day. This amount would equal approximately 3, MCU milk clotting units , another common measure of bromelain activity.
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