It is important to consult an attorney if you choose this path for having a baby. Donor sperm. A man may store his sperm before treatment. If a man did not store his sperm before starting treatment, then he can use donor sperm. Donor sperm is given to a sperm bank by another healthy man. The donor is usually anonymous. The child will carry the genes of the sperm donor.
Testicular sperm extraction. A man may have no sperm in his semen after cancer treatment. But he may still have healthy sperm in his testicles. During a testicular sperm extraction, the doctor removes small pieces of testicular tissue. Any healthy sperm cells found in this tissue can be used to make a baby. The sperm can be used in IVF or frozen for future use.
This method is not as successful as other ways of collecting and storing sperm. When a couple or individual adopts a child, they are the permanent, legal parents of the adopted child. Most adoption agencies allow cancer survivors to adopt.
Other agencies may require a certain amount of time to pass after cancer treatment before you can adopt. Domestic or international adoption. Domestic adoption is when you adopt a child from the country you live in.
Domestic adoption can include newborns or toddlers and school-age children from foster care. International adoption is when you adopt a child from a country you do not live in. Most international adoptions involve toddlers or school-age children. Different countries have different restrictions for people who want to adopt.
These may include a health history, income requirements, age, or marital status. If you are interested in adoption, talk with a social worker to learn more. Open or closed adoption. In open adoptions, the birth parents and adoptive parents communicate.
This is also called a fully disclosed adoption. In a closed adoption, details about the birth parents and adoptive parents are kept private. Closed adoptions are rare. Agency or independent adoption. Public adoption agencies are run by a country, state, or locality.
Agencies are licensed and have to follow strict laws and rules. Independent adoptions are handled by an adoption lawyer or facilitator instead of an agency. Can fertility hormones or drugs cause my cancer to return? Can they cause a new cancer to develop? Video: Fertility for Young Adults with Cancer. Child Welfare Information Gateway: Adoption. Save My Fertility.
Some cancer treatments make it difficult or impossible for survivors to have children. All men and women who want to have children should talk with their health care team about potential infertility before treatment begins. They should also discuss options to preserve fertility. Having a baby is a big decision. No matter what treatment you have had, you should talk with your health care team about the potential risks of pregnancy and birth.
Your doctor may need to check certain organs to make sure your pregnancy is safe. You may be referred to an obstetrician. This is a specialized doctor who is trained to care for women during and shortly after a pregnancy. Pregnancy after cancer treatment Often, pregnancy after cancer treatment is safe for both the mother and baby. How cancer treatments may affect pregnancy Treatments can affect a future pregnancy in many ways: Radiation therapy. Fathering a child after cancer treatment Men can try to have a child after cancer treatment ends.
Other concerns about having a child after cancer treatment Risk of children getting cancer. Talking with your health care team Having a baby is a big decision. This is a specialized doctor who is trained to care for women during and shortly after a pregnancy Questions to ask your health care team Consider asking the following questions: Will my cancer treatment plan affect my ability to have children?
Are there ways to preserve my fertility before I start treatment? Will my treatment plan cause problems during pregnancy, labor, or delivery? How long should I wait before trying to have a child? How will trying to have a child affect my follow-up care plan? Will trying to have a child increase my risk of recurrence? Should I talk with an obstetrician who has experience with cancer survivors?
Where can I find emotional support for myself? For my spouse or partner? More in this section What is Survivorship? Find a Cancer Doctor. It might also be needed for a tumor that's in or near the nervous system, such as the brain or spinal cord.
The surgical removal of a testicle is called an orchiectomy. This is a common treatment for testicular cancer. As long as a man has one healthy testicle, he continues to make sperm after surgery. But some males with testicular cancer have poor fertility because the remaining testicle is not working well. For this reason, sperm banking before the testicle is removed is now recommended for patients interested in saving their fertility. This is called fertility preservation.
Some men with prostate cancer that has spread beyond the prostate into nearby tissues may have both testicles removed to stop testosterone production and slow the growth of prostate cancer cells. This surgery is called a bilateral orchiectomy. These males cannot father children unless they banked sperm before surgery. You can learn more in Surgery for Prostate Cancer. For men who have prostate cancer that has not spread beyond the prostate gland, surgery to remove the prostate gland and seminal vesicles is one of the treatment options.
This is called a radical prostatectomy. The prostate and seminal vesicles are the body parts that together produce semen. Surgery removes the prostate gland and leaves men with no semen production and no ejaculation of sperm after the surgery. With sexual stimulation, men can still have orgasm, but no fluid comes out of the penis. Prostate surgery to remove the prostate also can damage the nerves that allow a man to get an erection, causing erectile dysfunction ED.
This means he might not be able to get an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. The testicles still make sperm, but the tubes vas deferens that deliver sperm from the scrotum to the urethra are cut and tied off during removal of the prostate gland. This results in a blockage to the flow of sperm. However, even after removing the prostate gland, there still are ways to get sperm from the testicle. See Testicular sperm extraction and epididymal sperm aspiration in Preserving Fertility in Men With Cancer to learn more.
Surgery to treat some bladder cancers is much like a radical prostatectomy, except the bladder is also removed along with the prostate and seminal vesicles. This procedure is called radical cystectomy. Because this surgery removes the bladder and prostate gland, there is no semen production and no ejaculation of sperm after the surgery.
With sexual stimulation, males can still have orgasm, but no fluid comes out of the penis. Surgery to remove the bladder also can damage the nerves that allow a man to get an erection, causing erectile dysfunction ED. This means he cannot get an erection sufficient for sexual penetration. Get more information in Bladder Cancer Surgery.
The testicles still make sperm, but the tubes that carry the sperm vas deferens are cut and tied off during removal of the bladder and prostate gland. This blocks the flowpath of sperm. However, even after removal of the bladder and prostate gland, there are ways to remove sperm from the testicle or its sperm storage area and use them to fertilize eggs. To learn more about the body parts, sex organs, and sex function discussed here, read Sex and the Adult Male with Cancer.
A few types of cancer surgery can damage nerves that are needed to ejaculate semen. They include removing lymph nodes in the belly abdomen , which may be part of the surgery for testicular cancer and some colorectal cancers. Nerves can be damaged when lymph nodes are being removed, and this can cause problems with ejaculation.
Sometimes surgery can permanently damage the nerves to the prostate and seminal vesicles that normally cause these organs to squeeze and relax to move the semen out of the body. Instead it can flow backward into the bladder called retrograde ejaculation or does not go anywhere.
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